Are:
• Technical abilities in speed
• Availability tactics (creativity)
• Efficiency organic and muscling: agility, speed, rapid reactions and stooping, quick changes of direction and path
• High moral value: self-control, courage, self-confidence, combativeness, character.
My experience in the world of soccer, told me that are around the 14 years old, we can determine with some assurance, the players endowed for soccer.
I remember the case of a young player with 12 years of age, was considered the best player of his team, delighting all who saw him play, his father being so delighted with the performance of your child, neither cared about the poor performance of the kid in school.
In the transition to the U14, there were the difficulties in establishing itself as players, and when they reached the U16 so was used sporadically in games.
Currently playing soccer in lower division, while his other teammates, not be evidenced in the U12, but now are soccer players on a high level and at present represent the National Team of Portugal.
The teachers/coaches should take into account in the analysis of the players, not only the good games played, but (very important) also the possibilities of evolution in the future, while soccer player.
There are players that stand out too early because it has a very early development biologic, but shortly afterward "stop", ending many times for being overtaken by other, which had a development biologic later.
The puberty jump-starts in terms of chronological age, around 10 and a half years old in girls and 12 years old in boys.
Are now possible through the X-ray of hand and wrist, determine the biological age of a child, and predict their stature in adulthood, with a margin of error very small (3 to 5 millimeters).
The process of developing a young player, are a long process, continuous and evolutionary, developed in stages (fig. 3), with different objectives and characteristics, according to their phases of development.
The stages of sports initiation (6-12 years), are the best step in terms of learning, and even considered "The Golden Age of Learning".
Are an age favorable to the learning of new situations and the acquisition of basic motor skills, that will later support to the acquisition of specific motor for soccer, should provide a multilateral development of children, through the diverse situations of learning, presented in a playful way and in accordance with the characteristics of children
Characteristics of children of 8-10 year
- Good capacities of learning.
- They have a taste for movement, for the game and the physical activities.
- Weak capacity of attention.
- Low possibility of integration and retention of contents, if they are not systematic.
- Good capacities of imagination.
- Imperative the thinking concrete and the egocentric thinking. - They like to be the center of attention.
- Physical constitution balanced and harmonious, there are few differences between boys and girls.
- Good predisposing to work very short and intense.
- Good predisposing to develop the flexibility and reaction speed.- Good predisposing for the development of coordination capabilities.
Characteristics of children of 10-12 years
- Good capacities of learning.
- They have a taste for movement, for the game and the physical activities.
- Weak capacity of attention, with predominance of visual memory.
- Low possibility of integration and retention of contents, if they are not systematic.
- Passage of concrete thinking to abstract thinking.
- Like to know, trying and understand new situations.
- They like the discipline and justice.
- Likes to follow the examples of their models, often imitating gestures of older players (idols).
- Beginning to have differences in growth, noting already some big differences between boys and girls.
- Increase of volume muscular.
- Development of major physiological functions, mainly to the level of the chest and cardiac cavities.
- Good predisposing to develop the flexibility and reaction speed and the resistance aerobics.- Good predisposing for the development of coordination capabilities.
At this age children have a great need for movement and are extremely active, with, however, a capacity for attention very small reason why the teacher/coach's, should give priority to action, in detriment of long periods of attention, with explanations too long (to avoid large lectures) of activities to develop.
The teachers/coach's, should be able to demonstrate the correct way of executing techniques, with short explanations and giving the children the time enough to learn (repetition), so that new knowledge can be properly seized.
The learning techniques should be presented in ways played, should, after a first phase of practice have a great concern in the correction of these, in order to avoid errors that later only with much difficulty could be corrected. In sessions of teaching, should be offered diversified learning situations, from the simplest to the most complex, where children succeed, and provided moments where there is a great freedom of action (games where not interfere the teacher/coach, so that players can develop their creativity.
The Teacher/coach should use short instructions, clear and simple, avoiding the use of abstract concepts, as the functions that a player should play, to play a specific position in the field.
Between the 6/7 and 10/11 years of age, the children generally have a constant body growth and balanced, the greatest differences are accentuated primarily from 12/13 years.
The motor capacities, independently of chronological age, not all have the same plasticity (Fig. 6). We know for example that the explosive strength and speed are less trainable than the aerobic resistance and strength power. In these ages, are predispositions for the development of the flexibility and of the reaction speed.
Coordination capabilities alike the equilibrium, the rhythm, the spatial orientation and motor control, present an optimum period in terms of motor learning.
Practical experiences show that children learn faster than teenagers and adults, simple motor processes that do not place particular demands conditional and not require long periods of training
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